Interior Designer's Portable Handbook by (Pat) Patten (Pat) (Pat) Guthrie

Author:(Pat) Patten (Pat) (Pat) Guthrie
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 0071782079
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2012-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

__ 2. Lumber

__ a. Sizes

__ (1) Sectional

__ (2) Lengths

__ (a) Softwoods: cut to lengths of 6′ to 24′, in 2′ increments

__ (b) Hardwoods: cut to 1″-long increments

__ b. Economy: best achieved when layouts are within a 2′- or 4′-module, with subdivisions of 4″, 16″, 24″, and 48″

__ c. Defects: See diagram below and on following page.

__ d. Grades

__ (1) Factory or shop-type lumber: used primarily for remanufacturing purposes (doors, windows, millwork, etc.).

__ (2) Yard-type lumber

__ (a) Boards:

__ 1″ to 1½″ thick, 2″ and wider

__ Graded for appearance only

__ Used as siding, subflooring, trim

__ (b) Dimensioned lumber:

__ 2″ to 4″ thick, 2″ and wider

__ Graded for strength (stress gr.)

__ Used for general construction

__ Light framing: 2″ to 4″ wide

__ Joists and planks: 6″ and wider

__ Decking: 4″ and wider (select and commercial).

__ (c) Timbers:

__ 5″ × 5″ and larger

__ Graded for strength and serviceability

__ May be classified as “structural.”

__ (3) Structural grades (in descending order, according to stress grade):

__ (a) Light framing: Construction, Standard, and Utility

__ (b) Structural light framing (joists, planks): Select Structural, No. 1, 2, or 3 (some species may also be appearance-graded for exposed work).

__ (c) Timber: Select Structural No. 1.

Note: Working stress values can be assigned to each of the grades according to the species of wood.

__ (4) Appearance grades

__ (a) For natural finishes: Select A or B.

__ (b) For paint finishes: Select C or D.

__ (c) For general construction and utility: Common, Nos. 1 thru 5.

__ e. Pressure-treated wood: Softwood lumber treated by a process that forces preservative chemicals into the cells of the wood. The result is a material that is immune to decay. This should not generally be used for interiors. Where required:

__ (1) In direct contact with earth

__ (2) Floor joists less than 18″ (or girders less than 12″) from the ground

__ (3) Plates, sills, or sleepers in contact with concrete or masonry

__ (4) Posts exposed to weather or in basements

__ (5) Ends of beams entering concrete or masonry, without ½″ air space

__ (6) Wood located less than 6″ from earth

__ (7) Wood structural members supporting moisture-permeable floors or roofs, exposed to weather, unless separated by an impervious moisture barrier

__ (8) Wood retaining walls or crib walls

__ (9) For exterior construction such as stairs and railings, in geographic areas where experience has demonstrated the need

__ f. Framing-estimating rules of thumb: For 16-inch oc stud partitions, estimate one stud for every LF of wall, then add for top and bottom plates. For any type of framing, the quantity of basic framing members (in LF) can be determined based on spacing and surface area (SF):

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